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Part I:
Status of Research
Correlations or Causes?
With regard to the protective factors listed above and others discussed below, Masten and Coatsworth (1998) stress the fact that all of these characteristics are only known to correlate with resilience; they are not necessarily causes. In fact, they could just as well be consequences of success rather than causes of it. Moreover, we must remember Rutter's advice and attempt to understand the processes by which these variables interact with each other to provide protection against risk processes.
To organize the vast body of research on protective factors/mechanisms/processes, we will look first at characteristics of individuals deemed to be resilient, then we will look at the
processes in families, school, and communities which appear to foster the development and maintenance of resilience.
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